What Is 5-Year Cost to Own?

Fuel - Fuel Costs are calculated using U.S. EPA mileage data for each make, model and style, reflecting 45% highway driving and 55% city driving. Kelley Blue Book updates these costs every 60 days based on actual andforecasted fuel costs.

Insurance - Insurance costs assume a driver with a clean record, using the vehicle for personal use. Quoted coverage includes liability, physical damage protection and (where applicable) personal injury, based on the most-often-selected limits and deductibles.

Financing - Financing assumes a buyer with Tier I or II credit, a loan APR of 2.84% and 10% down payment based on Fair Purchase Price (or MSRP if Fair Purchase Price is unavailable) without any rebates or incentives.

State Fees - State Fees include title and registration fees based on an average of new-car retail sales in all states, the vehicle’s Fair Purchase Price (or MSRP if Fair Purchase Price is unavailable) and an average state sales tax of 6.27 percent.

Maintenance - Maintenance includes the costs of following the manufacturer's recommended service schedule. This amount is based on national average labor costs, plus replacement parts and service items purchased at the manufacturer's suggested list prices.

Repairs - Repairs are based on the retail price of a zero-deductible extended-warranty service contract that covers the vehicle for its initial five-year term of ownership.

Depreciation - Derived from Kelley Blue Book’s residual values and updated every 60 days, depreciation represents the decrease in the vehicle’s value based on the national Fair Purchase Price (or MSRP if the Fair Purchase Price is unavailable), economic factors and historical data.